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| Other = Liao Chun }} Liao Hua (died 264), courtesy name Yuanjian, originally named Liao Chun, was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. ==Life== Liao Hua was from Xiangyang commandery (襄陽郡), Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan), which is around present-day Xiangyang, Hubei. He worked as a Registrar (主簿) under Guan Yu, a general who served under the warlord Liu Bei and was in charge of Liu's territories in Jing Province. In late 219, while Guan Yu was away at the Battle of Fancheng, Liu Bei's ally, Sun Quan, broke the Sun–Liu alliance by launching an invasion on Jing Province and conquering all of Liu's territories in the province. Guan Yu was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. Liao Hua became a prisoner-of-war of Sun Quan, but he constantly thought of returning to Liu Bei's side, so he faked his own death and succeeded in deceiving his captors and escaping. He brought his aged mother with him and headed west towards Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), where Liu Bei's domain was based.〔(廖化字元儉，本名淳，襄陽人也。為前將軍關羽主簿，羽敗，屬吳。思歸先主，乃詐死，時人謂為信然，因携持老母晝夜西行。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 45.〕 In 221, Liu Bei declared himself 'Emperor' and founded the state of Shu Han. Later that year, he launched a military campaign against Sun Quan to retake his lands in Jing Province and avenge Guan Yu. Liao Hua and his mother encountered the Shu armies at Zigui (秭歸). Liu Bei was very pleased to see Liao Hua and he appointed the latter as the Administrator (太守) of Yidu commandery (宜都郡). After Liu Bei died in 223, Liao Hua became an Army Advisor (參軍) under Zhuge Liang, the chancellor-regent of Shu. He was later assigned to be in charge of Guangwu commandery (廣武郡) and was subsequently promoted to the position of "Right General of Chariots and Cavalry" (右車騎將軍). He was also appointed as the Inspector (刺史) of Bing Province – even though Bing Province was not under Shu's jurisdiction – and enfeoffed as a "Marquis of a Central District" (中鄉侯). He was known for his fiery personality and determination. Liao Hua's position in the Shu military was equivalent to those of Zhang Yi and Zong Yu. In late 263, Shu's rival state, Cao Wei, launched a campaign to conquer Shu and succeeded in doing so within a year when the Shu emperor Liu Shan surrendered. After the fall of Shu, Liao Hua was ordered to move out of former Shu territory to the Wei capital Luoyang. He died of illness on the journey.〔(會先主東征，遇於秭歸。先主大恱，以化為宜都太守。先主薨，為丞相參軍，後為督廣武，稍遷至右車騎將軍，假節，領并州刺史，封中鄉侯，以果烈稱。官位與張翼齊，而在宗預之右。 ... 咸熈元年春，化、預俱內徙洛陽，道病卒。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 45.〕 Liao Hua's birth year could not be determined because his age at the time of his death was not recorded in history. However, it could be deduced that he was in his 70s when he died: Around 261, when Zhuge Zhan took charge of affairs in the Shu imperial court, Liao Hua visited Zong Yu and the latter said, "Both of us are already above the age of 70, ()"〔(時都護諸葛瞻初統朝事，廖化過預，欲與預共詣瞻許。預曰：「吾等年踰七十，所竊已過，但少一死耳，何求於年少輩而屑屑造門邪？」遂不往。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 45.〕 Liao Hua was critical of the Shu general Jiang Wei, who continued Zhuge Liang's aggressive foreign policy against Wei by launching a series of campaigns to attack Wei between 247 and 262. In 262, when Jiang Wei led Shu forces to attack a Wei garrison at Didao (狄道), Liao Hua remarked, "'One who does not refrain from using military force will end up burning himself.' I'm referring to Boyue (Jiang Wei). He is lesser than the enemy in terms of intelligence and military power but yet he keeps attacking them. How can he expect to overcome them? The events of today are exactly as described in this line from the ''Classic of Poetry'': 'Why were these things not before me? Or why were they not after me?'"〔(漢晉春秋曰：景耀五年，姜維率衆出狄道，廖化曰：「『兵不戢，必自焚』，伯約之謂也。智不出敵，而力少於寇，用之無厭，何以能立？詩云『不自我先，不自我後』，今日之事也。」) ''Han Jin Chunqiu'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 45.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liao Hua」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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